information privacy issues

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In a post 9-11 world where consumer data is considered fair game for profiling purposes, information obtained from digital TV-viewing is likely to be part of the mix unless laws are passed to give individuals the ability to control data collection and to prevent secondary uses. Business Courses / Business 104: Information Systems and Computer Applications Course / Business, Social, and Ethical Implications and Issues Chapter Description of issue. Turn on Real-time antivirus to protect your device from attacks. Internet privacy is a major concern today. This information can then be used to tailor the content of the advertisement to target the particular viewer. Facial recognition video surveillance aside, we have seen the dramatic growth of video monitoring throughout the public and private sectors, both in the U.S. and other countries. Equipped with all this information, advertisers might (for example) send you promotions for nearby businesses, wherever you are. Direct to Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing. (The Guardian, May 16, 2013), http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/may/16/internet-of-things-privacy-google, Winter, Jenifer S., "Privacy and the Emerging Internet of Things: Using the Framework of Contextual Integrity to Inform Policy". The need to maintain information privacy is applicable to collected personal information, such as medical records, financial data, criminal records, political records, business related information or website data. Ready for more information about Columbia Southern University? Looking ahead. Children watch a lot of television. Description of issue. With technological advances, smart devices are likely to become much smaller and much cheaper. There are a few things you should know before submitting. The legal protections for privacy in the U.S. are weak. The sunset provisions would have enabled several subsections to be evaluated and possibly overturned upon renewal of the Act. While some may not consider this to be terribly invasive, many object to any information collection that violates the privacy of the activities that take place within the confines of their home. This situation is particularly harmful to job applicants when background checks uncover wrongful criminal records and other inaccurate data. In this guide, we explore the main privacy issues in information systems and offer ways to mitigate them. In addition, the industry group that developed the guidelines, the Individual Reference Services Group, has since disbanded. Resolving information security and online privacy issues is essential for both Internet users and companies wishing to continue doing business online. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/03/petraeus-tv-remote/The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will examine the consumer privacy and security issues posed by the growing connectivity of consumer devices, such as cars, appliances, and medical devices at a public workshop to be held on November 21, 2013 in Washington, D.C. http://ftc.gov/opa/2013/04/internetthings.shtm, Some of the pressing issues include: What are the various technologies that enable this connectivity (e.g., RFID, barcodes, wired and wireless connections)? What are the unique privacy and security concerns associated with smart technology and its data? What steps can be taken to prevent smart devices from becoming targets of or vectors for malware or adware? How can companies implement security patching for smart devices? How should privacy risks be weighed against potential societal benefits, such as the ability to generate better data to improve health-care decisionmaking or to promote energy efficiency?Resources:Bruce Schneier, Will Giving the Internet Eyes and Ears Mean the End of Privacy? While these threats do not necessarily interrelate with one another, it is evident that children and youth are the targets of a great deal of data collection. But as law professor Jeffrey Rosen points out in his 2000 book The Unwanted Gaze, you are not your profile. However, the addition of privacy-enhancing technologies could enable individuals to manage their own personally identifiable information (PII) and minimize privacy risks at an earlier level. Although no federal legislation concerning genetic discrimination in the workplace and in individual insurance companies has been enacted into law, there are some protections in state statutes and other federal laws. (2011) surveyed over 600 working professionals and found that individuals' perception of invasion of privacy did not significantly relate to strain at work. If Real ID survives at all, Congress will likely weaken it significantly. Other entities with access to your location information may not be subject to that standard.In August 2002, the Federal Communications Commission turned down the telecommunications industry's request to adopt wireless location information privacy rules that would cover notice, consent, security and customer integrity.In a 2009 FTC complaint, the Center for Digital Democracy and US Public Interest Research Group asked for an investigation into a number of practices involving tracking and targeting, including location-based advertising. Data from electronic public records files will be used for secondary purposes that stray far from the original public policy purposes for which they were first created, that being government accountability. Privacy and civil liberties advocates are gravely concerned about the widespread adoption of biometrics systems. A total of 33.6 million Americans' personal information has been used for deceptive purposes since 1990 ( CNET News, 2004 ). Additionally, other problems, such as disclosure of private data, social profiling, and disclosure of private location, have also raised attention on the issue of privacy. As a result, innocent people can be wrongly identified as criminals (false-positives), and known criminals and suspected terrorists can fail to be detected altogether (false-negatives). Some examples of these smart objects include: Medical devices that continuously monitor blood pressure and other vital signs Home security devices (including surveillance cameras) Thermostat controls Wearable devices with ability to record events Smart grid appliances (see #23-Smart Grid) Motor vehicle "black boxes" Athletic shoes that monitor your exercise routineWhile these smart devices have the potential to help consumers save time and energy and improve their health and safety, the benefits come with significant privacy and security risks. While some uses of DPI may be necessary for ISPs to properly maintain their operations, DPI poses a significant challenge to privacy when the information is used for behavioral targeting purposes. The Federal Trade Commission says that identity theft is the fastest growing crime in the nation. The FBI during the Clinton Administration made several attempts to strengthen its wiretapping capabilities, especially of digital telephone communications and Internet communications. Some financial institutions have more than 2,000 affiliates spanning a broad array of businesses.While "junk" mail, e-mail, and telemarketing solicitations are a likely result of widespread affiliate sharing of customer data, privacy advocates are even more concerned about the potential for harmful uses of data merging and data profiling: The GLB Act contains a provision that enables state legislatures to pass stronger privacy provisions. Many national governments, including the U.S., use biometrics to speed border crossings and customs entry for frequent travelers. Advertisers believe that this may help them deliver their online advertisements to the users who are most likely to be influenced by them. The existence of data-privacy-centric regulations like GDPR and CCPA, advanced digital surveillance and data mining technologies, and increasing dependence of businesses on data further becloud the issue. Thats why automating processes is so important. Description of issue. You may unsubscribe via the Few consumers expect that a sign they are viewing is gathering images of them or targeting them based upon their specific behavioral information. This is part of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.But as we've seen with the other issues discussed in this report, laws are not able to keep up with the fast pace of technology. DP is defined as 'the individual's need to shelter one's personal space or prohibit the disclosure of one's private information to others (Xu et al., 2011). As discussed in the "data profiling" section above, there is no such thing as a perfect database. Abstract. Other than the risk of being the victims of identity theft, one other thing many Internet users are totally oblivious of is that while they surf the net in search of information, information is being gathered about them too. There are a number of issues with the current data privacy laws in Australia. Each record disclosed the movie, the numerical rating, and the date. According to a study commissioned by consumer privacy organization TRUSTe, 71 percent of online consumers are aware that their browsing information may be collected by a third party for advertising purposes, but only 40 percent are familiar with the term "behavioral targeting." If one biometrics system were widely adopted, say fingerprinting, the many databases containing the digitized versions of the prints could be combined. Then the innocent individual may be arrested or even jailed -- until they can successfully prove that they are being impersonated by someone who used their identification data upon arrest.It is virtually impossible to clear one's wrongful criminal record. As we make our way through everyday life, data is collected from each of us, frequently without our consent and often without our realization. This industry is virtually unregulated except for the background check requirements in the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Individual devices can have outdated software that makes them vulnerable to attacks. And these may have an even bigger effect than what is estimated on how your Web-based life is either protected or exposed. Companies like Choicepoint and Lexis-Nexis compile records from thousands of sources and make them available to their subscribers, usually law enforcement agencies, private investigators, attorneys, debt collectors, skip-tracers, insurance claims investigators, and media outlets, among others.Some information brokers provide their databases for a fee on Internet Web sites, hawking their wares with "spam" messages that promise, "You can find anything about anyone for just $19.95." DNA is regarded as the storage bank of genetic information for all living organisms. According to one study, for 87% of the American population, these three pieces of information uniquely identify each of them. Google operates several well-known cloud computing services. It's important to realize that even tiny amounts of collected data can, in the aggregate, reveal a great deal about our personal lives. Description of issue. Sophisticated digital signage networks are being deployed by retailers and others. Biometrics are now being used deployed in a wide range of public and private sector applications such as access control, attendance recording, payment mechanisms, crime prevention, and border security. The biometrics industry is booming, especially since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Your stories help us to highlight the problems that we're facing today. But what exactly are the most challenging data privacy issues, and how do you solve them? We can count on it, especially in this post-9-11 era. The technology used was not the common form of video monitoring that we are familiar with in convenience stores, at shopping malls, and on city streets. (SOX), privacy issues of social networking sites will all be looked into, so as to broaden our knowledge on information privacy issues. The responsibility for protecting that information from hackers and internal data breaches then falls into the hands of the hosting company rather than the individual user.Government investigators trying to subpoena information could approach that company without informing the data's owners. Digital signage technology is also easily susceptible to "function creep or mission creep." But when the PATRIOT Act was renewed in March 2006, the sunset provisions were renewed as well.Civil liberties organizations are using the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to attempt to determine how the Patriot Act is being implemented by government authorities, and whether or not abuses are occurring. Many complex issues need to be explored as DTC genetic testing becomes more prevalent. Persons being tested aren't the only people with an interest in the test results. The Real ID Act creates a federal identity document that every American will need in order to fly on commercial airlines, enter government buildings, open a bank account, and more. The vision of many marketers is to be able to deliver location specific advertising to wireless devices. Generally, information that identifies a particular person is considered much more sensitive than information that does not. Fewer individuals will choose to participate in government in order to prevent information about them from being posted on the Internet. Consent is not required for information sharing involved in treatment, payment, and operations.During the first 5 years of HIPAA enforcement, HHS did not assess a single civil penalty in response to well over 30,000 complaints. Since the terrorist attacks of 9-11, an increasing number of employers are conducting background checks of new hires as well as existing employees.It's fair to say that a significant percent of background checks are retrieving information that is either incorrect or misleading. Make no mistake, everything we touch that is digital in the future will be a data source, In conclusion, you might be rightfully wondering, , Not yet. A particularly troubling consequence of untrammeled access to electronic public records is the loss of "social forgiveness." Voluntary standards are often ineffective when it comes to protecting consumer privacy, and self-regulation by industry does not have a promising track record. Indeed, several states have debated privacy bills that allow for an opt-in for third party data sharing, thereby setting the default at no sharing unless the customer says "yes." The action you just performed triggered the security solution. For example, medical information could be mined and used inappropriately, pricing might be adjusted in a discriminatory manner, and advertisements might be targeted based upon analysis of collected data.Looking ahead. This is part of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. (The Unwanted Gaze: The Destruction of Privacy in America, by Jeffrey Rosen, Random House, 2000), [W]hen intimate information is removed from its original context and revealed to strangers, we are vulnerable to being misjudged on the basis of our most embarrassing, and therefore most memorable, tastes and preferences. a shift from one tracking technology to another) in tracking practices? The future is here. When we subscribe to a magazine, sign up for a book or music club, join a professional association, fill out a warranty card, give money to charities, donate to a political candidate, tithe to our church or synagogue, invest in mutual funds, when we make a telephone call, when we interact with a government agency . As the ability to share, store, and aggregate genomic data progresses, the capability of keeping this data anonymous becomes increasingly important. PII is frequently utilized as a legal term. Behavioral targeting then uses behavioral tracking to serve advertisements and/or otherwise market to a consumer based on his or her behavioral record. But if we were to experience another terrorist attack, perhaps even more destructive and widespread than 9-11, we as a society might be willing to accept such uses of technology to track and monitor our movements and transactions. But a sectoral approach leaves many uses of personal information unprotected. "Privacy in the Clouds: Risks to Privacy and Confidentiality from Cloud Computing," World Privacy Forum, Feb. 2009. These and other solutions must be sought in order to prevent the negative consequences of publishing public records online, but without losing sight of the need for access to public records in order to provide oversight of our government. But without the right privacy laws and with emerging technologies appearing constantly, our online privacy faces newer and more powerful threats each day. Enter your email address where you'd like your Privacy Policy sent and click " Generate ". An August 2012 study (Chris Jay Hoofnagle, et. Internet companies have designed numerous ways to track web users as they travel and shop throughout cyberspace. Should identity thieves be able to pluck Social Security numbers, dates of birth, and mothers' maiden names from public records posted on the Internet? When you submit a question, we try our best to provide you with helpful and relevant information. You might think that you wont have to deal with any of the common online privacy issues as your e- activity is not worth tracking. As a result of the federal Financial Services Modernization Act, banks, insurance companies, and brokerage firms are now able to affiliate with one another under one corporate roof. (Mark A. Rothstein, "Tougher Laws Needed to Protect Your Genetic Privacy", Scientific American, August 19, 2008, www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=tougher-laws-needed-to-protect). In Doe v. Netflix, a lesbian mother filed a lawsuit against Netflix alleging that the information that they released was insufficiently anonymized and therefore outed her. No. The "chilling effect" on individuals would be a likely result. For example, the junk mail that we receive when we subscribe to magazines is not covered by a specific law.The approach taken in the U.S. is referred to as opt out. For example, your personal information is used to send you unsolicited ads until and unless you sign up for the direct marketing industrys Mail Preference Service (MPS). Workplace rights advocates recommend that monitoring be relegated to narrow situations where there is "reasonable suspicion," and that random or workplace-wide monitoring be prohibited. The WSJ study found tools that scan in real time what people are doing on a Web page, then instantly assess location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions. Looking ahead.. The full texts of criminal and civil court records, divorce decrees, bankruptcies, and more are slated to be available from government and information broker websites. Some of the GDPRs most noticeable effects have been websites adding notifications about cookies and companies sending emails about privacy policies. The collection, use, maintenance, and disclosure of personal and behavioral information for marketing purposes promises to be a growing threat to consumers privacy rights. One of the most noted examples is a service known as Google Flu Trends. These devices rely on two-way communications to send and receive data about consumers' viewing preferences. They know that the wireless industry will not thrive unless customer privacy can be protected.The legal standards of privacy for use of your location data are inconsistent, depending upon who is holding the data. Anti-spyware tool to stop hackers from spying on you To maintain your privacy on the internet, please do the following: Step 1. Social networking websites make one of the leading facial recognition databases in the world and the tremendous number of photographs uploaded to these websites cause one of the main, You may not be a hacker, but this doesnt mean your online activity wont be scanned for. According to Vance, the effects of privacy issues, both old and new, from this online shift "won't be known for a while." She added that companies seeking to mitigate potential privacy violations and protect kids properly should refer to best practices, like general transparency, clear and concise privacy policies, identifying the risks of a . In fact, one of the major uses of Big Data" analytics technology is mining the information that people voluntarily post on social networks. When it comes to privacy and security, new challenges and risks are constantly exploding onto the scene. As we make our way through everyday life, data is collected from each of us, frequently without our consent and often without our realization. These are generally marketed as "opt-in" services and many have been available since about 2005.Many people don't realize that a cell phone, Blackberry or wireless laptop broadcasts its location whenever the power is on, whether or not a call is in progress. The GDPR also regulates the notification timeframe of any data . Rather than utilizing computers, the Internet of Things uses smart devices with sensors or RFID tags (see #17-RFID) that can measure and transmit information about such things as location, temperature, speed, or vital signs.The privacy danger is the vast amounts of data that these smart objects continuously broadcast over the Internet. Unless law enforcement and other government users establish guidelines and strict oversight of such systems, many innocent individuals are likely to be apprehended. Some states and counties use fingerprinting to prevent welfare fraud. Personal information, when misused or inadequately protected, can result in identity theft, financial fraud and other problems that collectively cost people, businesses and governments millions of dollars per year. Hence, genetic information raises a host of privacy issues.The use of genetic data to discriminate in both employment and health insurance is of growing concern to consumers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers alike. Obviously, the safest approach is to maintain your data under your own control.The concept of handing sensitive data to another company worries many people. By tracking the incidence of flu-related search terms, Google can identify flu outbreaks one to two weeks earlier than official Centers for Disease Control health reports. You can't afford to treat privacy as an afterthought. So, if you're traveling through the city on I-494, you might receive a message telling you that just off the next exit is a restaurant that serves your favorite cuisine, Thai food. It released "anonymized" data showing the hospital visits of state employees to researchers requesting the information. And many are under the mistaken impression that the Hippocratic oath still holds true today. Forward-thinking IT teams need to balance the value of collecting, storing and processing large volumes of data against the pressing requirements for privacy, security and compliance. Across the globe, national and state laws aim to hold organizations accountable for protecting private user information. The convenience of modern technology almost always comes with a data privacy trade-offa fact consumers are rapidly becoming more aware of. This new tactic has led to ransomware cases like the 2017 data breach involving the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, which included the release of personal information of more than 22 million government employees, applicants for security clearances, and their relatives. Study Objectives The major objective of this is to determine the extent to which informational privacy issues touch on ethics. You might think that you wont have to deal with any of the common, All you do is browse through different websites and. It has become a platform for computing. The original "scrub list," as it was called, included nearly 60,000 names. An American Management Association study found that a majority of employers are conducting some kind of monitoring, the most common being e-mail and web-surfing. But in truth, one's medical information is an open book in our far-flung healthcare system -- from medical providers, to insurance companies, to self-insured employers, to laboratories, and to payment companies, medical transcriptionists, pharmacies and pharmacy benefits systems, government regulators, and more. You might love how easy it is to grab data through cloud services. Our genetic profile is also unique to each of us. Most of the IS studies have conceptualized privacy concerns as general concerns that reflect individuals' inherent worries about possible loss of information privacy (Malhotra, Kim, & Agarwal, 2004; Smith, Milberg, & Burke, 1996), However, legal and social scholars have noted . Indeed, government agencies and law enforcement are the top subscribers to the many databases compiled by private sector information brokers. Humans are the weakest link in the chain of privacy and security. Some of these concerns include unauthorized secondary uses (function creep), expanded surveillance and profiling of individuals, data misuse (including identity theft), false matches, non-matches, and system errors. For example, ransomware attacks on U.S. health care organizations resulted in an estimated $20.8 billion in damage in 2020. The supermarket club card story illustrates the fair information principle of secondary usage: Information that has been gathered for one purpose should not be used for other purposes without the consent of the individual (paraphrased from the "use limitation principle," Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, 1980). An incident from the November 2000 election illustrates what can go wrong when information broker data files are improperly used to make critical decisions about individuals. Run a quick scan to check your system for malware. One way you can protect your digital privacy is to use anonymous networks and search engines that use aggressive data security while browsing online. These cards also may be read by a reader without making any physical contact.You can protect your card from being read covertly by covering it with aluminum foil or placing it in a special RFID protective sleeve. But when the PATRIOT Act was renewed in March 2006, the sunset provisions were renewed as well. In the past, individuals accessed public records by traveling to the courthouse or to the government office and using the records there, a time-consuming and often expensive task. They also do not address the problem of employment discrimination.On the federal level, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) was designed to prohibit the improper use of genetic information for insurance and employment purposes. Hand-held personal digital assistants, PDAs, are also equipped for wireless communications. These data privacy laws were created to protect consumers who share their data with organizations. The Florida Secretary of State Division of Elections contracted with Database Technologies (DBT) to check its voter rolls against the data compiled by DBT. Privacy and civil liberties advocates have become more vocal about the threats of untrammeled and unregulated uses of biometrics technologies since the aftermath of the 9-11 terrorist attacks. Employers have been successful in making these arguments when aggrieved workers have filed lawsuits for privacy violations. Consider these results from a 2022 report by cybersecurity company Sophos in which 5,600 IT professionals across 31 countries were surveyed: Traditionally, cybercriminals would encrypt data in a ransomware attack rather than steal it, meaning that organizations would typically only need to worry about paying the ransom or relying on their backup data. They can cause states of emergency such as the Colonial Pipeline attack in 2021 or they can contribute to the closing of a historic institution like Lincoln College. And many more states have introduced similar bills. In conclusion, you might be rightfully wondering, Is privacy dead in the online world?. (p.9). 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