Name of the Post:UPSC NDA & NA (I) 2020 Answer Key Released. , Some point to a contest between male gang members over a girlfriend, others to an accidental shooting and unmet economic compensation. Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)has published to conduct Combined Defence Services (CDS) Exam II 2021. Notably, 71.1 per cent of Salvadorans, 84.4 per cent of Guatemalans and 84.2 per cent of Hondurans say they trust either the Catholic or Evangelical churches. Name of the Post: UPSC CAPF (ACs) 2021 Interview Schedule Announced. [fn]Informe sobre el delito de extorsin, Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo, 2015, p. 6.Hide Footnote Neither El Salvador nor Honduras initially featured rival criminal structures or vibrant community networks with the same strength as Guatemala. Those Candidates who are interested in the vacancy details & completed all eligibility criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online. An estimated 20 to 40 per cent of mara members are women. User Manual for Scheme for Budgetary Support, Notification waived late fee for July, 2017 return has been issued, GST Rate Finder - Android Apps on Google Play, Guidance Note for Importers and Exporters, Circular regarding proper officer for provisions, CGST, IGST, UTGST & GST Compensation Bills enacted with effect from 12th April 2017. Central American gangs are responsible for brutal acts of violence, abuse of women and forced displacement of thousands. [fn]Crisis Group interview, Roberto Valencia, op. Tough tactics have not produced the expected effects on crime and violence in the NTCA. CARSI is a multi-million dollar initiative assisting law enforcement and security forces to confront regional security threats. Another alternative is to use existing market-based processes to integrate former gang members into productive activity, as has occurred in some instances. cit., p. 63. ______________________________________________________________________, Name of the Post: ITBP Sub Inspector (Overseer) Online Form 2022. cit., p. 36. Candidates born not earlier than 02-01-1999 and not later than 01-01-2003, Candidates born not earlier than 2nd January, 1992 and not later than 1st January, 2001. i.e. Most extortion crimes take place in large urban centres, whereas regions dominated by drug trafficking cartels, such as Zacapa, Baja Verapaz and Chiquimula, as well as departments with large indigenous populations and strong informal justice systems, such as Quich and Solol, report by far the fewest. Attorney General Douglas Melndez became the main instigator of the reaction against the former negotiators. Mensaje a medios del Canciller Luis Videgaray Caso con los secretarios de estado y seguridad interior de EUA, Secretara de Relaciones Exteriores, 23 February 2017.Hide Footnote, For the time being, the three countries of the Northern Triangle appear to be moving toward closer collaboration in their effort to combat gangs, albeit within a largely military framework. he/she must have been born not earlier than 02-08-1997 and not later than 01-08-2002. But David Mungua Pays, a military strategist who had negotiated with the guerrillas during the civil war and was then security minister, is widely cited as the official who decided to embark on dialogue after prosecutions and tough security measures proved ineffective. [fn]Ral Mijango: La tregua sigue, pero la paciencia de las pandillas tiene un lmite, El Pas, 11 March 2014.Hide Footnote, The Salvadoran maras were able to enforce the truce due to their vertical leadership, the effectiveness of their punishment system, and their internal consensus around a number of demands. In El Salvador, maras rely on extortion for their livelihood. Notification issued to to waive off late fee under section 47 for the period from 01.05.2022 till 30.06.2022 for delay in filing FORM GSTR-4 for FY 2021-22. Crisis Group interview, former justice and public security ministry official, Ilopango, 6 December 2016. Candidates Should Possess 10+2 or its Equivalent. 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Candidates should not have been born earlier than 28-11-1995 & not later than 27-11-2000. We come from disintegrated families, extreme poverty, and the only living and alive force that exists in our communities are the gangs. Judicial institutions should avoid sending non-violent suspects to jail, especially those accused of possession of drugs for consumption. Such measures could be emulated by gangs in Guatemala and Honduras. The latter were mostly reintegrated either into the B-18 or MS-13. The neighborhood (Villa Cristiana) is controlled by the Mara 13. Si el general dijo eso, que lo explique l, El Faro, 8 February 2016.Hide Footnote Once it became public, he asked for some leeway for the facilitators to continue working, a highly controversial decision given the ban on collaboration with the maras established in a 2010 law. The Lorenzanas deny that cocaine smuggling is the source of their wealth, citing their legitimate businesses such as fruit-exporting. Name of the Post: UPSC Indian Forest Services 2022 Mains Admit Card Download. Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has Given an Employment Notification for the Recruitment of Extension Officer, Jr. Scientific Officer & Other Vacancy. Maras veered toward either extortion, as in Guatemala and El Salvador, or small-scale drug trafficking, like the MS-13 in Honduras, where it has reportedly been involved in money laundering via the purchase of small businesses. Data on poverty and undernourishment retrieved from the World Bank web site. [fn]In 2004, El Salvador distributed the Apanteos, Sonsonate, Quezaltepeque and Ciudad Barrios jails to the MS-13. Guatemala has introduced vanguard measures to combat extortion rackets, many of them run from within jails, and has proposed a range of alternatives to prison terms. When we missed a payment of the extortion in a certain place, they called me politely to ask that I should pay back, said a security expert and extortion negotiator for a large distribution firm. Street gangs or maras, as they are known in the so-called Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA), comprising El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, have mutated from youth groups defending their neighbourhoods turf in the 1980s to highly organised, hierarchical organisations that coerce, threaten and kill to produce a menial subsistence for their members The online Applications can be withdrawn from: i.e. Crisis Group interview, Steven Vigil, former co-chair of the Transnational Advisory Group in Support of the Peace Process in El Salvador (TAGSPPES), Guatemala City, 5 July 2016. A climate of distrust taints politics and inhibits journalists and other civic actors from holding local leaders accountable. Basic structure. As a former gang member explained: Ive seen how tough this life is, and I dont want my children to go through this at all. Name of the Post:ITBP Constable/ GD Finally Selected Candidates List Released. Central Armed Police Forces (ACs) Exam 2022, Name of the Post: UPSC IES/ ISS DAF Online Form 2022. These less well-known but still powerful groups continue not only to move drugs but also to create other illegal enterprises, such as loan sharking and local retail drug sales, thus fuelling further violence. Brief Information: Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) has given an employment notification for the recruitment of Constable (General Duty) vacancies for the Non-Gazetted & Non-Ministerial posts in Group C on temporary basis under Sports Quota 2020. It includes five work lines dealing with peoples life conditions, criminal investigation and justice, prison reform, victim protection, and institutional strengthening. Thank you for your cooperation. Hide Footnote Guatemalas rate has decreased from 46 in 2009 to 27 in 2016, coming close to the Latin American average of 23, although regional discrepancies are high. [fn]Every young person is looking to have a role. Likewise, the governments of Honduras and El Salvador could consider repealing their classification of gang crimes as terrorist activity in order to build confidence with the maras. The Government of India Act 1833, passed by the British parliament, is the first such act of law with the epithet "Government of India".. Name of the Post: SSC Constable GD 2022 Online Form Post Date: 27-10-2022 Total Vacancy: 24369 Brief Information: Staff Selection Commission (SSC) has given a notification for the recruitment of Constable GD in CAPF, SSF & Assam Rifles. In numerous occasions, threats include killings of family members (the killing of up to six members of the same family has been recorded) for not agreeing to the payment of extortions, or for refusing to take part and support organized criminal activities. Continue providing Central American governments with financial support to carry out violence prevention initiatives and community development under the aegis of the Alliance for Prosperity, albeit with greater emphasis on long-term development projects involving grassroots organisations. Candidates should possess Degree/ Diploma (Engg), M.Sc, Masters Degree (Relevant Discipline). Although Honduras did not suffer a civil war, urban poverty rates increased there by 18 per cent from 1989 to 1993, according to the World Bank. Name of the Post: ITBP Constable/ Tradesmen 2022 Online Form Post Date: 01-11-2022. KIND ATTENTION OF CENTRAL EXCISE PETROLEUM SECTOR TAXPAYERS : PLEASE REFER TO ADVISORY 12/2022 DATED 18.05.22 ON SELECTION OF PROPER ACCOUNTING HEAD CODES FOR E-PAYMENT OF CENTRAL EXCISE DUTY, Notifications issued to extend the due date of filing FORM GSTR-3B for the month of April, 2022 and to extend the due date of payment of tax, in FORM GST PMT-06, for the month of April, 2022 by taxpayers who are under QRMP scheme. Gang Violence , op. The term jump in (brincar in Spanish) refers to being initiated into a gang.Hide Footnote The maras that emerged were better organised, engaged in more violent crimes, used heavier weapons and proved more alluring than the many smaller pre-existing street gangs, or pandillas. Data from the Legal Medicine Institute and the Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador. In El Salvador, critical elements of the peace agreement were only partially implemented. cit., p. 61. Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)has advertised a notification to conductCentral Armed Police Forces (ACs) Exam 2019. The government of India, also known as the Union of India (according to Article 300 of the Indian constitution), is modelled after the Westminster system. Charting this route, however, requires a sharp switch in current policies. Those Candidates who are interested in the vacancy details & completed all eligibility criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online. Name of the Post: ITBP Head Constable (Combatant Ministerial) Online Form 2022. Street Gangs of El Salvador, op. For SC/ST candidates/Sons of JCOs/NCOs/ORs: : Candidates should possess Post-Graduate Degree, (Reschedule from 27-06-2021 to 10-10-2021). [fn]Mujeres en pandillas, un fenmeno social en incremento en Honduras, El Heraldo, 16 April 2015.Hide Footnote, Public responses to mara crimes have understandably been dominated by fear. [fn]Crisis Group interviews, Carol Martnez, National Prevention Program, Tegucigalpa, 29 November 2016; Gustavo Bardales, Director, Safer Municipalities Program, Under-Secretariat for Prevention, Tegucigalpa, 1 December 2016.Hide Footnote, According to a recent poll, 42.4 per cent of Salvadorans, 20.6 per cent of Guatemalans, and 29.3 per cent of Hondurans identify crime and public insecurity as the main social problem in their respective countries. Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has given anotification for the recruitment ofCombined Geo-Scientist and Geologist Examination2020. The transformation of maras from immigrant support networks in big U.S. cities to national security threats in Central America hinged on the ways gangs adapted to their new homes. For SC/ST candidates/ Female/Wards of JCOs/NCOs/ORs: 12th Class pass of the 10+2 pattern of School Education, 12th Class Pass with Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics of the 10+2 Pattern of School Education, Last Date for Submission of Online Application. [fn]Crisis Group interview, Luis Enrique Amaya, op. Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)has announced notification of Engineering Services Examination 2020 for Civil, Mechanical,Electrical,Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering categories. Hide Footnote These gestures may signal the willingness of parts of the new administration to continue established U.S. policies, notably the Central American Strategy that aims at the evolution of an economically integrated Central America that is fully democratic, provides economic opportunities to its people and ensures a safe environment for its citizens. The U.S. Congress approved $750 million in fiscal year 2016, with a similar request presented for FY 2017. Brief Information: Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) has given a notification for the recruitment of Constable (General Duty) vacancies for the Non-Gazetted & Non-Ministerial posts in Group C on temporary basis under Sports Quota 2019. Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has announced a notification for the recruitment of National Defense Academy & Naval Academy Examination (II), 2021 (Indian Naval Academy Course (INAC)). Riots and interpersonal violence, many times homicidal, are common. Those Candidates who are interested in the vacancy details & completed all eligibility criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online. 70.7 per cent of Salvadorans, 73.7 per cent of Guatemalans, and 62.4 per cent of Hondurans admit having little or no trust in the police. [fn]Street Gangs of Guatemala, op. . Name of the Post:UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist 2023 Online Form. [fn]Crisis Group interview, former justice and public security ministry official, Ilopango, 6 December 2016.Hide Footnote, In other cases, businesses seek to shield themselves by working with local distributors linked to the gangs, often family members of the mareros. [fn]El Fenmeno de las Pandillas en El Salvador, UNICEF/FLACSO, 1998, p. 36. The national police has purged its ranks, which were rife with corruption. Closing Date for Apply Online & Payment of Fee. In the post-conflict contexts of the NTCA, where the public discourse has been dominated by the portrayal of maras as public enemies, support for the repression or even elimination of gang members is high. Crisis Group interview, Ral Mijango, San Salvador, February 2017. Detailed syllabus for the post of Principal under Direct Recruitment Drive 2022-23 and Special Recruitment Drive 2022-23 for JNVs of North Eastern Region Final Seniority List for the cadre of Vice-Principals borne on the strength of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti as on 31.12.2020 Brief Information: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has Announced notification for the recruitment of National Defense Academy & Naval Academy Examination (II), 2022 (Indian Naval Academy Course (INAC)). Mitos y realidades sobre las pandillas y sus vnculos con el crimen, Universidad Centroamericana Jos Simen Caas, 2007, pp. From Honduras, the drugs pass into Guatemala, where family trafficking networks working with Mexican cartels transport them overland toward U.S. markets. [fn]Crisis Group interview, Ronald Sols, ODHAG, Guatemala City, 28 October 2016.Hide Footnote Evangelical churches, meanwhile, provide those wishing to abandon the gangs with a rare outlet that is respected by the maras, and could be used as safe spaces for vocational and educational training to former gang members. Fiscala: Mungua Pays es creador e idelogo de tregua, elsalvador.com, 11 May 2016. Crisis Group interview, San Salvador, March 2017. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. [fn]Gary I. Wilson and John P. Sullivan, On Gangs, Crime, and Terrorism, Defense and the National Interest, 28 February 2007, p. 9.Hide Footnote The U.S. Department of the Treasurys designation of the MS-13 as a significant transnational criminal organisation has spurred lively discussion by experts on this question, though clear evidence of the need to combat them as such has been hard to find. For more on the initiation ritual, see scar Martnez and Juan Martnez, La espina de la Mara Salvatrucha, from. In May 2016, the attorney generals office named the current defence minister as the creator, ideologue, promoter and main defender of the truce. To get free job alert daily subscribe to our email job alert services. Skip to content. Whereas the former has grown more organised, business-oriented and disciplined, adopting a system of internal punishment for breaking gang rules, the latter is described by a high-level Guatemalan official as a volatile pack of alpha males. 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