BAROTROPIC- Homogeneous atmosphere in which there are neither fronts nor any thermal advections. Luke Howard was born in London on 28 November 1772, the first child of successful businessman Robert Howard and his wife, Elizabeth. Small streams and creeks usually react the fastest to heavy rains and rise several feet in hours or even minutes. Cloud Words. ATS 655: Objective Analysis KELVIN- A ratio temperature scale using 0 as the theoretical coldest temperature. As the cloud and cloud droplets grow in size, the base will begin to gray. BLOWING SNOW- Wind-driven snow which reduces surface visibility. Some portions adapted from original course materials by David Babb and Lee M. Grenci. Another way clouds are named is by their shape. Clouds are always reported by weather stations in feet above ground level (AGL). The heating and drying are due to adiabatic compression as the wind descend downslope. BAROMETERAn instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. In such clouds the ice crystals will grow preferentially with respect to the water droplets as water vapour evaporates from the droplets and deposits onto the ice crystals. St. Water or various other chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals. We'll tackle that in the next section, and we'll check out the impacts of varying ground cover (namely snow cover and urban versus rural landscapes). The cloud line has roughly a stair-step appearance with the taller clouds adjacent to the parent cumulonimbus. Authors Pearse A Keane 1 , Eric J Topol 2 Affiliations . Backing winds with height are indicative of cold air advection (CAA). The concept is similar to dewpoint pooling. This courseware module is part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER Initiative. TRADE WINDS- Persistent tropical winds that blow from the subtropical high pressure centers towards the equatorial low. SCATTERED SHOWERS- Showers covering 25 to 54 percent of an area. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Jeremy DeMoss and Anthony Merendino had the great opportunity to board the tall ship Pelican of London and embark on voyages as Scientists in Residence during 2022. CORIOLIS FORCE -An apparent force caused by the rotation of the earth. Main sensor on U.S. polar orbiting satellites. It is always accompanied by lightning and thunder, and occasionally by strong gusty winds, hail, and or heavy rain. Deformation zones (or axis of deformation as they are sometimes referred to) can produce clouds and precipitation. FORECAST PERIODS- Routine forecasts issued before noon contain three forecast periods: Today (or this Afternoon), Tonight, and the Next Day. 5. . All NOAA, A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X| Y |Z. The reverse of the normal cooling with height in the atmosphere. In expanding, the air cools adiabatically (i.e., without heat exchange with the surrounding air) until its temperature falls below the dew point, upon which the air becomes supersaturated such that water vapour condenses onto cloud condensation nuclei or tiny water droplets (or deposits onto ice nuclei or tiny ice crystals). Debris Cloud a rotating "cloud" of dustor debris, near or on the ground, often appearing beneath a condensation funneland surrounding the base of a tornado. Rune Carvings Prompt Belief That Vikings Sailed To Inland Oklahoma From Scandinavia. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 8 March 1821 and joined the British (now Royal) Meteorological Society on 7 May 1850, only a month after the society was founded. The jet stream often "steers" surface features such as fronts and low pressure systems. OVERCAST- Sky condition when greater than 9/10 of the sky is covered. ISOPLETH- A line of a constant meteorological value. Modern weather forecasting is a $7 billion a year industryand for good reason. Warnings are statements of imminent danger and are issued for relatively small areas near and downstream from the severe storm or flood. GLAZE- a layer or coating of ice that is generally smooth and clear, and forms on exposed objects by the freezing of liquid raindrops. Please try another search. Anvil - The spreading out (by strong winds) of the upper portion of the thunderstorm. On a local scale, it is the most destructive of all atmospheric phenomena. The updraft is the hollow portion of the hook (looks like a backwards "J" or a 6) and is where the tornado would most likely be found (if the storm were to produce one). In addition to the temperature controllers we've already covered, some other important factors act as temperature controllers, too. ZONAL WIND- the wind or wind componant along the local parallel of latitude. KNOT- One nautical mile per hour (1.15 mph). HEAT INDEX- The HI is the temperature the body feels when the heat and humidity are combined. DOWNBURST- A strong downdraft of air which induces an outburst of damaging winds on or near the ground. In May of 2021, the Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) returned to operations for a summer 2021 deployment. HORIZONTAL VORTICITY-A rotation of air caused by vertical speed or directional wind shear. From storms to extreme heat, 2022 has been a record-breaking period for the UK's weather. Note that the Sahara is hot during the day (top map) and cool at night (middle map), making this desert and others the areas of the world with the greatest diurnal change (lower map). VIRGA- Precipitation falling from the base of a cloud and evaporating before it reaches the ground. DIFFLUENCE- A 2-D process in which airstreams spread apart. However, winds of this magnitude occurring over an area that frequently experiences such winds (e.g., the normal strong summertime winds near the San Francisco Bay, would not require the issuance of this product). Tightening pressure gradient indicates stronger winds. The eight main cloud families are divided into three groups on the basis of altitude. SLIGHT CHANCE- In probability of precipitation statements, usually equivalent to a 20 percent chance. UPWELLING- The rising of cold water from the deeper areas of the ocean to the surface. Difluence Read More. DUST STORM- an area where high surface winds have picked up loose dust, reducing visibility to less than one-half mile. THERMAL RIDGEorTHERMAL TROUGH- A ridge of warmer temperatures or a trough of colder temperature. Central computer and communications facility of the National Weather Service; located in Washington, DC. Spell. Cloud State University A member of Minnesota State and committed to legal affirmative action, equal opportunity, access and diversity of its campus community . Researchers Identify 12 Hazardous Chemicals Pumping Through California's Natural Gas Lines. CEILING- The height of the lowest layer of clouds, when the sky is broken or overcast. It is most often accompanied by rain. Thesystem now used for classifying clouds is based on that originally proposed by pharmacist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard. GUST- A brief sudden increase in wind speed. (2) The height of the water level at the headworks, or an upstream point, of a waterway, and the water surface at a given point downstream. a mackerel sky, small puffs, high sky. Higher values of precipitable water indicate a deep moisture layer, increasing the potential for heavy precipitation amounts. The region where the northeasterly and southeasterly tradewinds converge, forming an often continuous band of clouds or thunderstorms near the equator. RIDGE- An elongated area of high pressure in the atmosphere. One okta of cloud cover is the equivalent of 1/8 of the sky covered with cloud. Snow squalls- brief, intense snow showers, accompanied by strong, gusty winds. Flash floods can also be caused by ice jams. In this method of classification there are four major types: layer clouds formed by the widespread regular ascent of air; layer clouds produced by widespread irregular stirring or turbulence; cumuliform clouds resulting from penetrative convection; and orographic clouds generated by the ascent of air over hills or mountains. Fog is a shallow layer of cloud at or near ground level. Small cumulus are commonly grouped with the low . These processes result in a dynamic lifting of air. altocumulus An _____________ cloud is a MIDDLE cloud that forms when ripples AND rolls develop in layers or patches of stratiform clouds. CLOUD (Meteorology) Cloud: Clouds are made up of many, many tiny drops of water. Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. Q-vectors essentially show vertical motions arising from the combination of differential vorticity advection (changes of advection with height) and temperature (thickness) advection. CUMULUS CLOUD(CU)- A cloud in the shape of individual detached domes, with a flat base and a bulging upper portion resembling cauliflower. Wind chill(Wind chill index) - an apparent temperatures which takes into account the combined effect of lowering temperatures and the rate of heat loss from a human body, caused by the wind. For one example in the United States, El Paso, Texas frequently finds itself within cT air masses, and daytime highs near 90 degrees Fahrenheit are sometimes followed by nights with temperatures near 50 degrees Fahrenheit. LAPSE RATEThe change in temperature with altitude in the atmosphere. STATIONARY FRONT- A transition zone between airmasses, with neither advancing upon the other. CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI . Read More. Often a trough is positive tilted in it's development stage. wispy high clouds. cloud . Dynamic lifting causes the mid-levels to cool at a greater rate than the lower troposphere. PLAY. Meteorology - download this royalty free Stock Illustration in seconds. Please send comments or suggestions on accessibility to the site editor. DEW- Moisture that has condensed on objects near the ground, whose temperatures have fallen below the dewpoint temperature. This glossary of meteorology is a list of terms and concepts relevant to meteorology and atmospheric . The College of Earth and Mineral Sciences is committed to making its websites accessible to all users, and welcomes comments or suggestions on access improvements. BAROCLINICITY- A cold air advection/warm air advection couplet that increases atmospheric instability. STRATOSPHERE- The layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, where temperature increases with height. The ten cloud genera are listed in Table 6-2, along with their official abbreviations and symbols as drawn on weather maps. CIRRIFORM- High altitude ice clouds with a very thin wispy appearance. Low clouds, 2 to 0 km (6,500 to 0 feet), are stratocumulus, stratus, and nimbostratus. High Clouds: Cirrostratus. Clouds are formed when relatively moist air rises. On World Meteorological Day (23rd March 2017), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its new, online, digitised International Cloud Atlas, the global reference for observing and identifying clouds which contains several new cloud classifications. Multiple locations were found. Spring, Year 1. This situation creates instability since cold temperatures in the mid and upper levels advect over warmer air at the surface. LIGHTNINGAn electrical discharge from a thunderstorm. Also called a whirlwind, it develops best on clear, dry, hot afternoons. ISOLATED- Showers covering less than 15 percent of an area. The movement of colder air toward a fixed point on the earth's surface. Easy from the start. Refers to a forecast problem or a potential forecast problem. In his paper, Howard introduced three basic cloud classifications: Howard thencombined these names to form four more cloud types: These form the basis of the cloud classification still in use today. Raindrops are formed either by the coalescence of cloud droplets or by the production of snowflakes, graupel (amalgamations of frozen water droplets), or hail and their subsequent melting as they descend through the warmer regions of the cloud. Indicates air will rises due to low level warm air advection and/or upper level divergence. STUDY. His real interest was, though, in meteorology, and he made several significant contributions to the subject besides his cloud classification. It can bring significant rain and snow to the Pacific Northwest. Clouds form in the free atmosphere as a result of condensation of water vapor in rising currents of air, or by the evaporation of the lowest stratum of fog. Temperature and wind velocity profile for Cloud Streets. WIND- air in motion relative to the surface of the earth. Existing storms can intensify by moving into moisture axes. PHASING- When two separate short waves come together to form one wave. Downburst- A sudden rush of cool air toward ground that can impact with speeds greater than 70 mph and produce damage similar to that of a tornado. Precipitation (falling rain and snow) that occurs around the globe is the source of fresh water on which all life depends. BLACKBODY- A mass which absorbs and emits all wavelengths of radiation. Usually refers to a category of precipitation given by the forecast models. In expanding, the air cools . Sleet usually bounces when hitting a surface and does not stick, but can accumulate on roadways causing a hazard to motorists. Generally characterized by steady precipitation followed by showery precipitation. HUMIDITY-The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. It was apparently too technical. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of inch or greater, but may vary from region to region across the country. PUNCH (or PUSH)- A fast moving mass of air (e.g. INFLOW- Wind speed, in knots, of the average PBL windspeed. The "omega equation" used in numerical weather models is composed of two terms, the "differential vorticity advection" term and the "thickness advection" term. Network of automatic raingauges that transmit via VHF radio link when precipitation occurs. To see how dew points affect nighttime temperatures, let's simplify things and assume the wind is calm and the sky is clear. DENSE FOG -A cloud, with its base on the surface, which reduces visibility to 1/4 of a mile or less. He published The Climate of London (first edition 1818, second edition 1830), Seven lectures on meteorology (1837), A cycle of eighteen years in the seasons of Britain (1842) and Barometrographia (1847). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. CONDUCTION- the transfer of heat between bodies that are in contact. Polar regions . Dry air entrainment into the mid levels of a thunderstorm can enhance the potential for damaging wind gusts. ATWC-Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, located in Palmer, AK. ANGULAR MOMENTUM- the energy of motion of a spinning body or mass of air or water. Mountain clouds produced by orographic lifting of moist air to saturation. The lowest level of the atmosphere where friction is an important force and vertical mixing is common. The watch is only an indication of where and when the severe weather probabilities are the highest, and should not be confused with a warning. Also known as an anticyclone. Coastal Flood- high tides, persistent onshore winds, or a hurricane storm surge can cause flooding along coastal areas. PRECIPITATION(PCPN)-Liquid or solid water molecules that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground. He became, like his father, a businessman, developing a firm that manufactured pharmaceutical chemicals. El Nino events usually occur every 3 to 7 years, and are characterized by shifts in "normal" weather patterns. Rain water first runs into the small streams which flow into the larger branches and eventually end up in the main stem of the river. Cloud Abbreviation in Meteorology. For example, Tornado Warning, Severe Thunderstorm Warning, Flash Flood Warning, Winter Storm Warning. It may be modified by terms such as "light," "intermittent," or "occasional" to indicate lesser intensity or periodic snow. VAD stands for Velocity Azimuth Display. Scientists have found that rapid growth and cooling at the tops of clouds are indicators of the potential for severe weather. After reading this section, you should be able to describe how clouds and water vapor affect temperatures and diurnal (daily) temperature ranges. Flashcards. To help keep the cost of this book reasonable, I do not in-clude any cloud photos. Wall clouds are a lowering, rotating cloud. CAT- A category. Blowing snow may be snow that is falling or snow that was once loose on the ground and picked up by the wind. Clouds consist entirely of water droplets, entirely of ice crystals, or of a mixture of water droplets and ice crystals, with crystals predominating in the colder, upper regions of the troposphere. He was educated at a Quaker school at Burford in Oxfordshire and was then apprenticed to a retail chemist in Stockport. ISALLOBAR- A line of equal surface pressure change. Created by. They are caused by the refraction of light through the ice crystals in cirrus clouds. 1.The degree to which a material or object containing minute openings or passages, when immersed in a liquid, will draw the surface of the liquid above the hydrostatic level. He died in London on 21 March 1864. Also known as atmospheric pressure. Spring, Year 2. Freezing drizzle- drizzle that falls onto a surface with a temperature below freezing causing it to freeze to the surface forming a thin coating of ice or rime. A branch of the US Department of Commerce, NOAA is the parent organization of the National Weather Service. 6.2.1. Severe thunderstorm- A thunderstorm producing damaging winds (trees down, etc.) WIND ADVISORY- Sustained winds 25 to 39 mph and/or gusts to 57 mph. New NWS computer system integrating graphics, satellite and radar imagery. Questions? If you see cloud streets, consider what lies in the direction they're coming from, which will be the same as the wind direction at their level. cloud, any visible mass of water droplets, ice crystals, or a mixture of both that is suspended in the air, usually at a considerable height (see video). US Dept of Commerce Retrograde motion is the opposite movement of normal. ECMWF- European Centre for Meteorology Forecast model. ICE STORM- liquid rain falling and freezing on contact with cold objects creating ice build-ups of 1/4th inch or more that can cause severe damage. Also known as radiation fog, and in parts of California as tule fog. For the valleys and Basin below 3000 feet - 4 inches in 12 hours and 6 inches in 24 hours. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. There are 5 basic cloud vocabulary words: Cumulus (cumulo-form) Stratus (strato-form) Nimbus (nimbo-form) Cirrus (cirro-form) Alto. MOISTURE AXIS / RIDGE- : An area of higher moisture values, usually in the form of a ridge of higher dewpoints at the surface or 850 mb. The condensation lets us see the water vapor. but are authorized to translate and interpret available forecasts and reports directly into terms describing the weather conditions which you can expect along your flight route and at your destination. Where Two . Scale is from F0 for weakest to F5 for strongest tornadoes. RADAR- An instrument used to detect precipitation by measuring the strength of the electromagnetic signal reflected back. BROKEN CLOUDS- Clouds which cover between 6/10 and 9/10 of the sky. MIST- very fine water droplets at ground level. A negative tilt is a sign a trough is mature. Intense macrobursts could cause tornado-force damage. DOPPLER RADAR- A type of weather radar that determines whether atmospheric motion is toward or away from the radar. SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST)- Surface temperature data collected using IR satellite imagery, buoy and ship data. CORONA- a disk of light surrounding the sun or moon; this is a result of the diffraction of light by small water droplets. In the Northern Hemisphere winds are deflected to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere to the left. 12 traditional cloud types defined by the World Meteorological Organization and further subdivided into cloud species and cloud varieties is widely used in meteorology. (Expressed as a percentage). Below is a massive list of cloud words - that is, words related to cloud. DUST DEVIL-A small, rapidly rotating wind that is made visible by the dust, dirt, or debris it picks up.
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