The feel like dull everyday pixels. This topic is covered in my Introduction to CSS Transitions. It isn't at all clear how it uses traditional CSS features under-the-hood, and that lack of clarity can cause real problems when things go awry. In this blog post, I share the approach I took to build responsive, client-friendly emails without a single tag. I've crafted a "springy" Bzier curve that overshoots a little bit. "forwards" is a very confusing name, but hopefully seeing it on this graph makes it a bit clearer! All Rights Reserved. Josh Comeau, 32 Resides in San Diego, CA Lived InEl Cajon CA, Chula Vista CA, Brighton MA, Jackson NH Related ToDale Comeau, Theresa Comeau, Kathleen Comeau, Barbara Comeau, Carlene Comeau Also known asJoshua Steven Comeau, Steven Comeau IncludesAddress(11) Phone(7) Email(9) See Results Josh Comeau, 87 Resides in Hopkinton, MA If their mouse re-enters the element within that 300ms window, the transition never takes place. But it should be suitable for all developers comfortable with the basics of HTML/CSS. This deep-dive tutorial examines how React and Gatsby can be used to pre-render content, and how we can work around the constraints to build dynamic, personalized web apps. In this tutorial, I'll show you how I use it on this blog. Here's an example of a button that moves on hover, without animating: This snippet uses the :hover pseudoclass to specify an additional CSS declaration when the user's mouse rests atop our button, similar to an onMouseEnter event in JavaScript. The main ingredient we need to create an animation is some CSS that changes. by Josh Comeau Code Resources An interactive guide to keyframe animations How one of the most powerful, versatile tools in CSS works. transition-delay allows us to keep things status-quo for a brief interval. We could scrub forwards and backwards in the video. The transform property is such a powerful part of the CSS language! Let me explain. This is known as hardware acceleration. If you're a human, please ignore this field. Be intentional about where you use it. Of all the little tips and techniques I've picked up over the years about animation, spring physics remains one of the most powerful and flexible. In this case, we've chosen to name it slide-in. We can apply them to specific selectors with the animation property: (To re-run the animation, refresh the Result pane by clicking the icon.). Our will become a wrapper, holding 3 layers stacked one on top of the other. It's specifically tailored for JS devs. Frames will get dropped, as the device can't keep up. This strategy allows us to create reusable, customizable keyframe animations. It doesn't have to be this way, though! revert is a special keyword that will revert back to whatever the value ought to be, based on the browser's defaults*. 2020-present Joshua Comeau. There's also backface-visibility: hidden. We can also add a bit of blurring, for a softer, more natural shadow: This can be accomplished with the blur filter: We're just about there, but we can do two more small things to complete the effect. So, we can update our CSS so that the element's properties match the to block, but is that really the best way? In this tutorial, we'll learn how to harness their power to build fluid, organic transitions. So, something bothers me about the example above. The colour combination also looks good both in dark and white mode. Additionally, in Safari, buttons can be focused via Option + Tab. The trouble occurs when the mouse is near the element's boundary. Josh Comeau shows us how the wonderful interaction from his blog works, all with some clever math and canvas! Here's a piece of good news, as well: the order doesn't matter. Though it can make it a bit harder to understand where a particular CSS value has been set. The CodeSandbox team recently released a wonderful tool called Sandpack, to help us create these live-updating code editors. Sanity.io is a real-time headless CMS with a fully customizable Content Studio built in React. When starting out with custom Bzier curves, it can be hard to come up with a curve that feels natural. Try interacting with the button to see the difference: We can set overrides for each state, to change how the animation behaves. Instead, we should focus on how the language uses those properties to calculate layouts. They can offer feedback, and communicate in a more-visceral way than copy alone. Once the animation wraps up, though, that declaration kicks in and keeps the box hidden. In this case, when the user moves their mouse outside .dropdown-wrapper, nothing happens for 300ms. For this reason, I prefer to exclude delay from the shorthand: Probably the most confusing aspect of keyframe animations is fill modes. The shadow doesn't quite move as far from the baseline position: While .front moves up by 6px, .shadow only moves down by 4px. Even with a 0px value, the browser still hands it off to the GPU, since moving in 3D space is definitely a GPU strength. If you're a human, please ignore this field. We can use the animation-direction property: animation-direction controls the order of the sequence. In truth, timing functions like ease-in are more subtle than depicted, but I wanted to emphasize the effect to make it easier to understand. The interesting part, though, is that we can set it to alternate, which ping-pongs between normal and reverse on subsequent iterations. and so-on. The styles will apply when the element matches the :focus selector, but not the :focus-visible selector. In this blog post, we'll take a deep look at this property and see some of the nifty things it can do. May 26 Realistic shadows are live in @framer ! While we could have used margin-top for this, transform: translate is a better tool for the job. But our button offers plenty of feedback as-is, so we don't need it in this case. This problem can be solved in a rather elegant way without needing to reach for JS. In this animation, we're using a linear timing function. This gives the button a ton more personality. I've done some testing, and have found that I get the best results across modern browsers with will-change. What is their specificity? This affects all 3 layers. An Eye-Opening Realization about React. This will apply the CSS from the first block backwards in time. This property gives our button a bit of a buffer: This is a dramatic improvement, but it's still a bit of an eyesore. Publish to a site for free: framer.com ALT Josh W. Comeau Fortunately, we can work around this quirk, and create beautiful, lush, saturated gradients. You may have noticed a similar effect on some of the demos on this page! In this tutorial, we'll unpack exactly when and why React re-renders, and how we can use this information to optimize the performance of our React apps. It's focused on HTML/CSS, no JavaScript knowledge required. By default, changes in CSS happen instantaneously. When I want to apply this animation, it's weird that I need to use a negative value. This comprehensive guide shows how to use CSS transitions! What if we want to persist the animation forwards and backwards? 4 145. I'll be writing more about them soon though! This is the best way to accomplish this effect, since transforms can be hardware-accelerated. This blog post is your missing manual, covering all of the most important fundamentals. An Interactive Guide to Keyframe Animations CSS keyframe animations are incredibly flexible and powerful, but they're also a bit weird. React Boston 2018 talk by Josh Comeau This repository contains the slides and related code for my React Boston 2018 talk. Instead of having 1 big animation that grows and shrinks, we set our animation to grow, and then reverse it on the next iteration, causing it to shrink. The trick is to separate the trigger from the effect. will-change lets us be intentional about which elements should be hardware-accelerated. But it's not a quick process, and it's not something that you can hack if you want the real thing. I'll let you know when I publish new content, and I'll even share exclusive newsletter-only content now and then.No spam, unsubscribe at any time. My goal with this blog is to create helpful content for front-end web devs, and my newsletter is no different! You can also pick from this extended set of timing functions. Instead, we should focus on how the language uses those properties to calculate layouts. If an element moves, and isn't entering or exiting the viewport, ease is usually a good choice. If you work with a framework like React or Vue and you don't feel super comfortable with CSS, my mission this year is to change that. An unexpected animation could slip through. 1 reply 2 retweets 7 likes Josh W. Comeau @JoshWComeau 3h education, film, animation, makeup design, visual effects, writing, game design, sound design, entertainment business management, programming, acting, digital design, graphic design, VR, English for Creative Arts, Visual Art, 3D Animation, Classic . Well, the declarations in the from and to blocks only apply while the animation is running. Browsers have their own inscrutable logic around this stuff, and I'd rather not leave it up to chance. This happens immediately, as soon as the property is set. It produces the effect that something came hustling in from far away, and settles in front of the user. Experiment and find the perfect settings 1 reply 0 retweets 13 likes 1 13 Josh W. Comeau Like all of the animation properties we're discussing, it can be tossed into the animation shorthand salad: Keyframe animations are cool enough on their own, but when we mix them with CSS variables (AKA CSS custom properties), things get next-level . It isn't descriptive at all; literally all timing functions are eases of one sort or another! There's one main trick we'll use a couple times in this tutorial to create the illusion of a 3D button. Libraries like GSAP and Framer Motion and React Spring have sprung up to help us add motion to the DOM. Flip Move was inspired by Ryan Florence's awesome Magic Move, and offers:. How do we solve for this? Developers often reach for UI frameworks like Bootstrap or Material UI, hoping that they'll save a bunch of time and quickly build a professional-looking app. Here's the problem: GPUs and CPUs render things slightly differently. A single transition here or there won't make or break an experience, but it adds up. We can also set it to reverse. The cubic-bezier timing function makes that possible! Sometimes, the exact same CSS will behave totally differently! I've chosen a lightning-quick transition time of 34msroughly 2 frames at 60fps. The final layer, .front, uses relative positioning, since we need 1 in-flow child to give the its width and height. In order to create lush, realistic shadows in CSS, we need to use multiple layers and colors. I find this curve most useful for anything that happens in a loop (eg. It's worth optimizing for the "consumer" side of things, to make it as pleasant to use as possible, even if it complicates the definition a bit. This is the best way to accomplish this effect, since transforms can be hardware-accelerated. Originally, our "breathe" animation lasted 4 seconds. The name of the property we wish to animate. Josh Comeau. You can learn more at its official website, CSS for JavaScript Developers. Launched my first course, earned over US $500,000! We also strip away the default border/padding that comes with button elements. I'll be writing more about cubic Bzier curves soon. Get a Sanity powered site up and running in minutes at sanity.io/create. I've spoken to hundreds of JavaScript developers who find CSS frustrating and confusing. We can scrub backwards, before the animation has started, or forwards, after the animation has ended. We can instruct the browser to interpolate from one state to another with the aptly-named transition property: transition can take a number of values, but only two are required: If you plan on animating multiple properties, you can pass it a comma-separated list: transition-property takes a special value: all. In essence, they let us create our own timing curve. We can use transition-delay! It's also very ostentatious; you probably want to be pretty selective about where you use this sort of button. It's the first animation tool that most front-end devs learn, and it's a workhorse. The button, however, is stationary. For the most part, you can toss these properties in any order you want. 24 Oct 2022 15:12:20 We can fix this problem by adding the following CSS property: will-change is a property that allows us to hint to the browser that we're going to animate the selected element, and that it should optimize for this case. I'll let you know when I publish new content, and I'll even share exclusive newsletter-only content now and then.No spam, unsubscribe at any time. I'll be honest about it: the rule above is pretty confusing! It's our "return to equilibrium" transition. Though beware: a few of the more outlandish options won't work in CSS. I've built a tool that'll help. When we tell an element to transition from one position to another, the browser needs to work out what each "intermediary" frame should look like. But how exactly does it do this? How should we tackle this? This tutorial is meant to be accessible to developers of all experience levels. It has an equal amount of acceleration and deceleration. In this tutorial, we'll dig in and learn a bit more about CSS transitions, and how we can use them to create lush, polished animations. In Chrome on MacOS, this equates to a solid blue line. That said, I've sprinkled in some interesting and obscure tidbits no matter your experience level, I bet you'll learn something! Now, we have a 2-second-long animation that requires 2 iterations to complete a full cycle. Here's the markup for our new setup: Before, we were using the itself as our edge layer. This is a lower-level tool that gives us a ton of control. Fortunately, as with transition, we can use the animation shorthand to combine all of these properties. a modal appearing). CSS animations are meant to be generic and reusable, but this animation will always cause an element to bounce by 20px. Let's suppose that we want an element to "breathe", inflating and deflating. Timeline & code mode With Timeline, choreograph animations in your designs visually. No developer blog or technical documentation site is complete without an interactive code playground. Sequence and animate elements using the built-in easing curves library, or finesse the details with the custom curve editor. All Rights Reserved. This state tackles two separate actions: Ideally, I would pick different transitions for each of these actions, but it isn't possible in pure CSS. The animation itself works fine, but when it's over, the element pops back into existence: If we were to graph the element's opacity over time, it would look something like this: Why does the element jump back to full visibility? Your development machine is likely many times faster than it. Contribute to Eniolaa00/Josh-Comeau development by creating an account on GitHub. By delegating an element's rendering to the GPU, it'll consume more video memory, a resource that can be limited, especially on lower-end mobile devices. You'll learn about the accessibility implications, and how to determine the best unit to use in any scenario. For example, we can use it to create a loading spinner: Note that for spinners, we generally want to use a linear timing function so that the motion is constant (though this is somewhat subjectivetry changing it and see what you think!). Join Facebook to connect with Josh Comeau and others you may know. They're a bit quirky, and if you don't understand those quirks, using them can be quite frustrating. I'll let you know when I publish new content, and I'll even share exclusive newsletter-only content now and then.No spam, unsubscribe at any time. If you're pretty advanced with CSS, you'll probably know most of what we cover, but I do share some pretty cool and obscure stuff near the end of this post. This tutorial is written for JavaScript developers trying to become more comfortable with CSS. There's a surprising amount of depth to this topic. :focus-visible is similar, but it only applies when the element is focused and the user would benefit from seeing a visual focus indicator (because they're using a keyboard to navigate, for example). Well, the box can serve as helpful feedback, to confirm that you've successfully tapped the target. Every action we take on the web starts with a button click, and yet most buttons are ho-hum and uninspired. I just closed down preorders, and I'm thrilled to report that the course has made over half a million dollars: As it stands, we have a "symmetrical" transition the enter animation is the same as the exit animation: A cute little detail is to give each action its own transition settings. This means that the element moves at a constant pace; our circle moves by the same amount each frame. To really sell the whole 3D thing, we can add a shadow: You may be tempted to reach for box-shadow to accomplish this, but we'll have much more success by repeating a trick we saw earlier. All Rights Reserved. It's become an incredible language, expressive and flexible and powerful. We should exercise great caution when disabling browser features meant to improve usability! Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Our default transition, inside .front, is applied when the mouse leaves the button. This span houses all of the cosmetic styles (background color, font stuff, etc). We could drop it to 0px, but I want to keep the 3D illusion going at all times. We could set it up as a 3-step animation: It spends the first half of the duration growing to be 1.5x its default size. In this tutorial, we'll build a whimsical 3D button: This is an intermediate-level tutorial for front-end developers. It's simpler, right? Let's shift the button up by a few pixels when they hover. Our button element provides the burgundy background color that simulates the bottom edge of our button. For example: let's say that we're moving an element from left to right, over a 1-second duration. As your product evolves, you (or someone on your team) will likely wind up updating this code at some point in the future. They're the biggest obstacle on our path towards keyframe confidence. ease is the default value if you don't specify a timing function, ease gets used. We don't always want our animations to start immediately! This will play the animation backwards, going from 100% to 0%. One of the most foundational things to understand about JavaScript is that programs are made up of statements, and statements have slots for expressions. In this tutorial, we'll build an animated 3D button with HTML and CSS that sparks joy. It goes deep into this topic: Depending on your browser and OS, you may have noticed a curious little imperfection in some of the earlier examples: Pay close attention to the letters. We've created a solid foundation, and now it's time to build some cool stuff on top of it! Finally, no interactive lesson is complete without a "sandbox mode"! When we animate an element using transform and opacity, the browser will sometimes try to optimize this animation. It always took 2 seconds to grow, and 2 seconds to shrink. As I was building the last couple demos, I realized just how much CSS has evolved in the past few years! This is a subjective choice;you might prefer different values. . We can specify which one we want to use with the transition-timing-function property: Or, we can pass it directly to the transition shorthand property: linear is rarely the best choice after all, pretty much nothing in the real world moves this way*. I've spent the last year working full-time on a course that will help teach CSS at a deeper, more fundamental level. It teaches responsive web design, animations, accessibility, and creating performant websites. As front-end developers, we often learn CSS by focusing on individual properties. N'T have to use your products Motion with Action-Driven animation content Studio in!, they let us create our own timing josh comeau animation to know the principles driving them but 's Become a wrapper, holding 3 layers stacked one on top of it like props to solution! Both spinners complete 1 full rotation in 2 seconds to grow, it 0Px ) itself as our edge layer to this topic is covered in my,! Down to 1x button up by a few of the values we seen Emails without a `` sandbox mode '' 1-second duration they need to to. And hardware acceleration has been around for a whole host of josh comeau animation box shadows that emulate the light! 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