This pharmaceutical company in India is engaged in the manufacture of leading generic compounds, Nutraceutical ingredients, custom synthesis of APIs, and intermediates for global innovator companies. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years. The numbers are still growing every day. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. [42] Serum Institute of India (SII) is the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by volume. There aremany more companies working behind developing the vaccine in the cou, Startup Ideas for Medical Practitioners During Pandemic, Every domain has certain gaps that can be filled only through out-of-the-boxsolutions. [61] The Central Drug Standards Control Organisation (CDSCO), the drug regulatory authority of India conducted a nationwide survey in 2009 and announced that of "24,000 samples [that] were collected from all over India and tested. [102], In the U.S., the value of prescriptions increased over the period of 1995 to 2005 by 3.4 billion annually, a 61 percent increase. [2], List of the largest trading partners of Japan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_Japanese_companies&oldid=1108274068, Lists of largest private companies by country, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 September 2022, at 13:50. In 2019, the Indian economy was the world's fifth largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. 137 billion ($1.8 billion) in the 2009-10 financial year over the previous fiscal. [72][73][74], In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Below are the 100 largest companies by revenue in 2022 (mostly for fiscal year 2021), according to the Industry Revenue (USD million) Revenue growth Employees Headquarters 1 Walmart: Retail: 572,754 2.4% 2,300,000 Bentonville, Arkansas: 2 Amazon: Retail Pharmaceutical industry: 213,989 12.7% 40,000 Chesterbrook, Pennsylvania: 11 Microsoft: Everyone grabs Express Scripts Holdings for all the benefits offered in the healthcare sector. Top public companies are: Toyota, NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone) , Keyence, Sony, SoftBank companies: 7,116 total market cap: $78.817 T The company also produces generics for hepatitis C treatment, based on the voluntary license agreement with Gilead. [48] SII manufactured Covishield, the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, which is the most administered COVID-19 vaccine in India. McKesson gains a higher percentage of healthcare service in the USA as there has been a rapid increase in the drug distributor. In some countries, notably the US, pharmaceutical companies also employ lobbyists to influence politicians. Of the revenues from biopharmaceuticals, vaccines led the way, comprising 47% of sales. [1][2] According to the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, domestic pharmaceutical market turnover reached Rs 129,015 crore (US$18.12 billion) in 2018, growing 9.4 per cent year-on-year and exports revenue was US$17.28 billion in FY18 and US$19.14 billion in FY19. Here is a list of the top 15 worlds largest pharmaceutical companies in the world based on 2021 pharmaceutical drug sales revenue. In 2019, the Indian economy was the world's fifth largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. In 1921, Canadian professor Frederick Banting and his student Charles Best repeated this study and found that injections of pancreatic extract reversed the symptoms produced by pancreas removal. India is a country in South Asia. India is a country in South Asia.It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. But there were also some industries like Online gaming,Online grocery, Fintech, Telemedicine, Ed tech, online media that were boo, List of Biotech companies that are Developing Covid vaccine, India started its vaccination programme for Covid-19 on 16 January 2021. Soon its inception, it has face some negative as well positive feedbacks which they took it up sportingly and stood out as one of the top healthcare companies in a very minimal time. In 2005, a provision was added to the new legislation as section 3(d) which stipulated that a medicine could not be patented if it did not result in "the enhancement of the known efficacy of that substance". Top Pharmaceutical Companies to Work For 1. These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs. Novo Nordisk (Denmark) $21.00 billion 14. [60] The inventors were recognized by a Public Health Lasker Award in 1975 for "the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension". [120], Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. The United States accounts for more than a third of the global pharmaceutical market, with $340 billion in annual sales followed by the EU and Japan. However, he is believed to remain with the company for a smooth transition into the hands of another officer appointed to take over. Without approval from the FDA, the firm distributed Kevadon to over 1,000 physicians there under the guise of investigational use. It is also known as a top PCD Pharma Franchise company, who keeps investing and equipping with the state-of-art facilities for the high quality medicines. The pharmaceutical industry in India was valued at an estimated US$42 billion in 2021.India is the world's largest provider of generic medicines by volume, with a 20% share of total global pharmaceutical exports. Soon, the extract was demonstrated to work in people, but development of insulin therapy as a routine medical procedure was delayed by difficulties in producing the material in sufficient quantity and with reproducible purity. The domestic drug market recorded sales worth 2.15 billion USD in April 2021. It is also the largest vaccine supplier in the world by volume, accounting for more than 50% of all vaccines manufactured in the world. [137][138], In November 2020 several pharmaceutical companies announced successful trials of COVID-19 vaccines, with efficacy [119], Ben Goldacre has argued that regulators such as the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK, or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States advance the interests of the drug companies rather than the interests of the public due to revolving door exchange of employees between the regulator and the companies and friendships develop between regulator and company employees. In 2011, global spending on prescription drugs topped $954 billion, even as growth slowed somewhat in Europe and North America. Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this "study," including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug. The pharmaceutical industry in India was valued at an estimated US$42 billion in 2021.India is the world's largest provider of generic medicines by volume, with a 20% share of total global pharmaceutical exports. Laurus Labs is a 4000 employees strong organization all of whom are always looking out to expand the horizons of Chemistry to develop new cures and new methods to cure people along with counting a considerable profit. In the Bextra case, the government also charged Pfizer with illegally marketing another antipsychotic, Geodon; Pfizer settled that part of the claim for $301 million, without admitting any wrongdoing. The expectation is that relationship between doctors and Pharmaceutical industry will become fully transparent. The company started offering products to treat psychiatric ailments. [125], On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. "[62] In 2017 a similar survey found 3.16% of the medicines sampled were substandard and 0.0245% were fake. Centene acquired WellCare Health Plans Inc., which led to the increasing market share in Medicaid, Medicare Prescription Drug Plans, and Medicare Advantage Plans. Dozens of other benzodiazepines have been developed and are in use, some of the more popular drugs being diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), and lorazepam (Ativan). Your account is fully activated, you now have access to all content. The brands like Johnson & Johnson are the epitome of quality services and trustworthy consumer relationships. It was founded in 1984 and was acquired by Ajay Piramal in the early 1980s. Access to diverse tech talent. As of 2021, most of pharmaceuticals made in India are low cost generic drug which comprise most of pharmaceutical export of India. [39] Syngene, a subsidiary of Biocon, offers CRAMS small molecules APIs and biologics. Your billing info has been updated. 5. [14][15][failed verification], In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. Postmarketing surveillance ensures that after marketing the safety of a drug is monitored closely. So if you are looking for the best healthcare insurance or the best solutions to be fit that doesnt owe you insurance, all you can do is, reaching out to the team of experts at Aetna. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials. It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States. Reliance Industries is a true conglomerate with interests in energy, petrochemicals, textiles, natural resources, retail, and telecommunications. [57], India exported $11.7 billion worth of pharmaceuticals in 2014. Divis Laboratories is one of the largest API companies in the world, with $780 million revenue in 2020, and exporting to more than 95 countries. Isnt it amazing? One of the leaders in the pharmaceutical sector, MCKensson is growing rapidly in the US segment with its magnificent products. [66][67][68][69] The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.[70]. Their employees number more than 107,000 as of 2019. It is the constant endeavor that the company takes, which helps its business spread to other parts and create new networks. Based in San Francisco, the healthcare company, McKesson came up in the year 2014. [citation needed], The thalidomide tragedy resurrected Kefauver's bill to enhance drug regulation that had stalled in Congress, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment became law on 10 October 1962. Thanks to all the credible medical professionals who guide on keeping every individual fit and healthy. The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best-selling drug worldwide at $10.7 billion in sales. [118], It has been argued that the pricing of pharmaceuticals is becoming a major challenge for health systems. The company was founded in 1876 by, and named after, Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and veteran of the American Civil War.. As of 2022, Lilly is known for its clinical depression Nine companies in the Middle East and India were presented with awards for demonstrating innovation and leadership. Slectionnez Grer les paramtres pour grer vos prfrences. Johnson & Johnson is the largest and most broadly based healthcare company in the world. As technologies and business models continue their rapid evolution, companies are experiencing a step change in the workforce skills they need to thrive and grow. This list displays all 18 British companies in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue.The figures below are given in millions of US dollars and are for the fiscal year 2021. [88] Some approved drugs, such as those based on re-formulation of an existing active ingredient (also referred to as Line-extensions) are much less expensive to develop. Indian Oil provides products and services all along the energy value chain, and is India's largest commercial entity. [1][2] Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices. Amphetamine was developed by Smith, Kline and French as a nasal decongestant under the trade name Benzedrine Inhaler. After adopting the regulation, they had to face all kinds of negative and positive impacts on the business. Forbes listed him as , Top 3 Generic Medicine Startups that are Reshaping the Pharmaceutical Industry in India, Medicine is considered to be one of the most important necessities for all ofus. [30], As of 2021, India's APIs market is worth $11.8 billion and is forecasted to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 12.24% until 2027. [4,46] The Association of Biotechnology-Led Enterprises (ABLE) is aiming to grow the industry to $5 billion in revenues generated by 1 million employees by 2009, and data from the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) seem to suggest that it is possible. So what are they? It was founded in 1995 and helps in the production and sale of a wide range of products, including Antibiotics, Antifungals, NSAIDs, Gastrointestinal, Anthelmintic, Cardiovascular, Dermal, Erectile Dysfunction, and several other categories. Chief among them is a lack of funding, particularly for firms that are just starting out. Success! Groton / r t n / is a town in New London County, Connecticut located on the Thames River.It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy.The Naval Submarine Base New London is located in Groton, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer is also a major employer. It has been argued that the design of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the expansion of the criteria represents an increasing medicalization of human nature, or "disease mongering", driven by drug company influence on psychiatry. All of the above-mentioned top 16 healthcare companies in the USA are serving on the front gear and are believed to bring more advancement in the healthcare industry. 2022 Fortune list. The following is a list of the four largest settlements reached with pharmaceutical companies from 1991 to 2012, rank ordered by the size of the total settlement. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. The Indian biotech market is dominated by biopharmaceuticals; 76% of 20045 revenues came from biopharmaceuticals, which saw 30% growth last year. of 90 to 95% in preventing infection. The firm has more than 8,000 brands, including Gerber, Carnation, and Lean Cuisine. [citation needed]. [51] Bharat Biotech is also one of the first companies to develop vaccines for the Zika and Chikungunya viruses. For the full list, click the download link above. It has 13 commercialized biosimilars including Docetaxel and Paclitaxel. Founded in the year 1978, Biocon is the most popular pharmaceutical company in India. The company mainly focuses on active pharma ingredients, finished dosage forms, synthesis, and biotechnology. [142], In the United States the government signed agreements in which research and development and/or the building of manufacturing plants for potential COVID-19 therapeutics was subsidized. In 1885, Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul mile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. It has also been pointed out that without the patent, voluntary licensing would imply charging rent on property not even owned by the company. Eli Lilly and Company is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, with offices in 18 countries.Its products are sold in approximately 125 countries. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. P. Roy Vagelos, chief scientist and later CEO of Merck & Co, was interested, and made several trips to Japan starting in 1975. UFJ was created from a merger with the Toyo Trust and Banking, a part of the Toyota Motor Corporation. Informations sur votre appareil et sur votre connexion Internet, y compris votre adresseIP, Navigation et recherche lors de lutilisation des sites Web et applications Yahoo. It sells over 300 products in over 125 countries and its key segment is APIS, as 35% of the total revenue is generated from API. In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency approves and evaluates drugs for use. Emcure is now known as a vertically integrated pharmaceutical company with commendable infrastructure, skills, and resources that are not only comparable to the best pharma companies in Mumbai, India but those that are considered as the best in the world. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. Agricultural services, crop, and livestock, food, health and pharmaceutical, industrial & financial risk management, raw materials. The numbers are still growing every day. It also sells Carbamazepine, Etodolac, and Clorazepate as well as anti-cancer, steroids, peptides, sex hormones, and controlled substances. 64 Nestl: $90,814 328,000 Transnational consumer goods conglomerate and the largest food and beverage company in the world. 15. Advancement in health tech by the adoption of the latest technologies has resulted in tremendous changes in the sector in a very short span of time. [6][7] By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion. Direct-to-consumer media advertising was legalised in the FDA Guidance for Industry on Consumer-Directed Broadcast Advertisements. [115] The potential for direct conflict of interest has been raised, partly because roughly half the authors who selected and defined the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders had or previously had financial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry. The figures are in billions of US dollars and are for the year 2021. The company recently noted a rise in global sales by 40% that is the sale amounts to $10.2 billion which clearly justifies its position in the top 16 largest healthcare companies in the US. It is also the largest vaccine supplier in the world by volume, accounting for more than 50% of all vaccines manufactured in the world. The drug proved to have only modest anti-asthma effects but produced sensations of exhilaration and palpitations. Torrent Pharma makes medicinal drugs for Central Nervous System, gastrointestinal pain management, gastrointestinal diabetology, and anti-infective segments. Its global sales outperformed many giants of the same industry and soon it paved its way to the largest healthcare companies in the US. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. India is a country in South Asia.It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.. Here is the list of the top 20 pharmaceutical companies in India: Based on revenue, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. is the largest pharma company in India. [22], Between 2015 and 2017, there were 31 FDA warning letters to Indian pharmaceutical companies citing serious Data Integrity issues, including data deletion, manipulation or fabrication of test results, see "An Analysis of 2017 FDA Warning Letters on Data Integrity" By Barbara Unger, Unger Consulting Inc.[60] yes, According to Outsourcing Pharma in 2012, 75% of counterfeit drugs supplied world over had some origins in India, followed by 7% from Egypt and 6% from China. They are a manufacturer of surgical, medical, and laboratory products. [59] This development was associated with a substantial decline in the mortality rate among people with hypertension. Without a doubt, it is one of the most successful, reputed, and large healthcare companies in the USA, and in all over the world. ", "Donald Light and Joel Lexchin in BMJ 2012;345:e4348, quoted in: Big Pharma's claim of an 'innovation crisis' is a myth, BMJ authors say", "Has the Pharmaceutical Blockbuster Model Gone Bust? Sun Pharmaceutical Industries' revenue was $4.7 billion in 2020. The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the FDA to approve the application until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Their employees number more than 107,000 as of 2019. Ones who were previously unaware of this reputed pharmaceutical company are now completely familiar with the same. [91] Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents. Click to skip ahead and jump to the 5 biggest companies that use AWS. Amgen Inc (US) $26.00 billion 12. American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc. and its subsidiary Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Inc. (hereinafter together “Pfizer”) have agreed to pay $2.3 billion, the largest health care fraud settlement in the history of the Department of Justice, to resolve criminal and civil liability arising from the illegal promotion of certain pharmaceutical products. Pfizer. In 2016, the US spent more than $3.30 trillion on American healthcare, according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Based in the USA it has extended its operational wings to the rest parts of the globe and is known for delivering the best healthcare insurance policies to its customers. [139] The Wall Street Journal ran an editorial calling for this achievement to be recognized with a Nobel Peace Prize. [41][42] The contamination appears to have originated both in the original cell stock and in monkey tissue used for production. Employees Notes 16 Glencore: $173,883 93,123 Baar-based commodities trading and mining giant and the world's third-largest family business. Most of the players in the market are small-to-medium enterprises; 250 of the largest companies control 70% of the Indian market. However, a month after signing a voluntary licensing agreement with Gilead, Natco withdrew the patent challenge. UFJ was created from a merger with the Toyo Trust and Banking, a part of the Toyota Motor Corporation. [1] In 2019 the Department of Pharmaceuticals announced that as part of the Make in India initiative, drugs for local use and exports must have 75% and 10% local APIs respectively and a bill of material must be produced for verification. But Microsoft is also one of the worlds largest corporations, and praising such colossal industry consolidation doesnt feel quite like the long-term consumer benefit Microsoft is making it out to be. A pharmaceutical company is a company that is involved in the research, development or distribution of drugs and medication. The top 50 companies in the Forbes 2000 from Japan are listed. In 1994, 162 countries including India signed the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement, which stipulated that patents had to be given to all inventions including medicines. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. It was found that only 11 samples or 0.046% were spurious. This approach remains untouched by the new patent regime and looks to increase in the future. The pharmaceutical marketing plan incorporates the spending plans, channels, and thoughts which will take the drug association, and its items and administrations, forward in the current scene. By the 1890s, the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. At the time of its discovery, sanitoriums for the isolation of tuberculosis-infected people were an ubiquitous feature of cities in developed countries, with 50% dying within 5 years of admission. With the rapid rise in the drug distributor, McKesson and people can gain a higher percentage of health care services in the USA. [23], In December 2005, the TRIPS pact was amended to incorporate specific safeguards to ensure that the public health concerns of affordability and accessibility for a large section of people in developing countries was not compromised. In 20045, the Indian biotech industry saw its revenues grow 37% to $1.1 billion. In 2019, Sanofi brought in annual revenues of USD 39.28 billion, making it the largest pharmaceutical company in France and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world by market capitalization as well. Asia-Pacific is expected to remain the largest revenue contributor to the airline digitalization market in 2030, while North America will be the fastest-growing region. Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry. 2022 Fortune list. The modern era of pharmaceutical industry began with local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role of distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid-1800s, and from discoveries resulting from applied research. [40][22] [46], As of 2021, India is the world's largest manufacturing region for vaccines. The company boasts a hefty portfolio of more than 350 products, including the popular drug Lipitor and the newly By 1978, Merck had isolated lovastatin (mevinolin, MK803) from the fungus Aspergillus terreus, first marketed in 1987 as Mevacor. [151], In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. But Microsoft is also one of the worlds largest corporations, and praising such colossal industry consolidation doesnt feel quite like the long-term consumer benefit Microsoft is making it out to be. [85] While the cost of research in the U.S. was about $34.2 billion between 1995 and 2010, revenues rose faster (revenues rose by $200.4 billion in that time). The company recently noted a rise in global sales by 40% that is the sale amounts to $10.2 billion which clearly justifies its position in the top 16 largest healthcare companies in the US. We believe that healthcare should be accessible to all and that it works better when it is included in everyones healthcare. [36] Divi's Laboratories's CDMO client's include 6 of the top 10 largest multinational pharmaceutical companies. [25] Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis. [citation needed] The Indian pharmaceutical-sector industry supplies over 50 per cent of global demand for various vaccines, 40 per cent of generic demand in the US and 25 per cent of all medicine in the UK. American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc. and its subsidiary Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Inc. (hereinafter together “Pfizer”) have agreed to pay $2.3 billion, the largest health care fraud settlement in the history of the Department of Justice, to resolve criminal and civil liability arising from the illegal promotion of certain pharmaceutical products. The company boasts a hefty portfolio of more than 350 products, including the popular drug Lipitor and the newly India produces more than 50% the world's vaccines and is the third largest pharmaceutical producer by volume. Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit, number of employees worldwide and industry sector of each company. [93] Emerging markets such as China, Russia, South Korea and Mexico outpaced that market, growing a huge 81 percent.[94][95]. [84], Industry-wide research and investment reached a record $65.3 billion in 2009. It is the 12th-largest company by market capitalization and is thus one of the well-known pharmaceutical manufacturers in India. For years, firms have made their ways into the global market by researching generic competitors to patented drugs and following up with litigation to challenge the patent. Access to diverse tech talent. It is one of the best pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies in the world. India, the second-largest populated country, has also seen numerous cases of Covid-19 and the numbers are still growing. In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol. In the domestic market, this new patent legislation has resulted in fairly clear segmentation. [121], Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company.
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